Prostate Cancer Treatment - Conventional and Natural

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Prostate cancer is outlined as an attack of the male prostate gland by a mass of dangerous cells. Prostate cancer is commonest in the United States and is the third main reason behind American cancer cases. The American Cancer Society estimates that one in six males will face a prostate cancer prognosis throughout their life.

Prostate cancer treatment is outlined as a group of unique approaches to cancer treatment not thought of to be a traditional prostate cancer treatment, and is used in place of conventional cancer treatments.

The most? prostate cancer treatment right now includes:
Radiation


Chemotherapy
Observant waiting (Observation)
Hormonal remedy
Surgical procedure

The option chosen on your? prostate cancer treatment will depend on relatively lots of factors, together along with your age, the stage of your sickness and the recommendation of your medical doctor.

The types of Different Prostate Cancer Treatment:

Chinese Drugs is without doubt one of the various therapy in comparison with conventional strategies being used to treat prostate cancer. Commonly referred to as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this holistic prostate cancer treatment relies on ancient philosophical frameworks. Traditional Chinese Medicine devises treatment programs by searching for inequalities between inner and external harmony within patients.

There are eight branches of TCM: Tui na (Massage Treatment), acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese meals remedy, Qigong (Respiration), T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Feng Shui, and Chinese astrology. The eight branches of Chinese medicine, like most other prostate cancer remedy, are used to alleviate the pain associated with the illness, as well as a remedy for the side effects associated with conventional cancer treatments.

Herbalism, or natural medication, is a holistic prostate cancer treatment with the healing properties of plants and plant extracts at the center of the treatment. A number of the most popular parts of herbal drugs include St. John's Wort, lemon juice, Green Tea, Honey, Grapefruit, Black Cohash, Poultices, Juniper Berry, and Eucalyptus. Herbal treatment is particularly highly regarded in Many Countries.Also a new research establish that the curry spice Turmeric or curcumin as it is called, when shared with different ingredients as watercress, winter cress, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, cauliflower, kohlrabi and turnips radically cause to slow down the development of cancer tumor in mice.

Conventional prostate cancer treatment are supervised by members of the medical group, together with physical therapists, psychologists, and nurses. Typical prostate cancer treatment is subjected to intense research to make sure its effectiveness and safety. Hormone treatment and radiation are typical therapies for prostate cancer? treatment . Eradicating the testicles, in a surgical procedure known as orchiectomy, is another traditional prostate cancer treatment. As is chemotreatment. Cancer cells are additionally customarily frozen as a part of a cryosurgery.

There are two widespread surgical procedures used to deal with prostate cancer. They're the radical prostatectomy and the transurethal resection of the prostate (TURP). Radical prostatectomy surgical procedure is generally? performed once the cancer has not unfold exterior of the prostate gland. There are two forms of radical prostatectomy procedures, the novel retropubic and the perineal approach. The transurethal resection of the prostate is carried out to curtail prostate swelling.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing analogs and luteinizing hormone-releasing antagonists are prostate cancer medications designed to inhibit the discharge of the cancer-inducing luteinzing hormone-releasing hormone from the brain.

It's newly found that virus will help the cancer prostate treatment.
The research establish that virtually 40% out of 20 cancerous prostates separated from sufferers with certain genetic mutation had the virus. Nevertheless it presumably will take up till five years to decide on if the virus actually causes the cancer

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Source: http://howtosolvedandruff.blogspot.com/2012/09/prostate-cancer-treatment-conventional.html

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AP Exclusive: Neglect ruins Marcos' prized shoes

MANILA, Philippines (AP) ? Termites, storms and neglect have damaged part of former Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos' legendary collection of shoes and other possessions left behind after she and her dictator husband were driven into U.S. exile by a 1986 popular revolt.

Hundreds of pieces of late strongman Ferdinand Marcos' clothing, including the formal native see-through barong shirts he wore during his two-decade rule, have also begun to gather mold and fray after being stored for years without protection at the presidential palace and later at Manila's National Museum, officials told The Associated Press on Sunday.

The Marcoses fled the Philippines at the climax of an army-backed "people power" revolt which became a harbinger of change in authoritarian regimes worldwide. Ferdinand Marcos died in exile in Hawaii in 1989 and his widow and children returned home years later.

They left behind staggering amounts of personal belongings, clothes and art objects at the palace, including at least 1,220 pairs of Imelda Marcos' shoes.

More than 150 cartons of clothes, dress accessories and shoes of the Marcoses were transferred to the National Museum for safekeeping two years ago after termites, humidity and mold threatened the apparel at the riverside palace. They deteriorated further at the museum after the fragile boxes were abandoned in a padlocked hall that had no facilities to protect such relics and was inundated by tropical rains last month due to a gushing leak in the ceiling, museum officials said.

Museum staffers, who were not aware the boxes contained precious mementoes from the Marcoses, opened the hall on the fourth floor of the building after noticing water pouring out from under the door. They were shocked to see Marcos' shoes and gowns when they opened the wet boxes, officials said.

Workers hurriedly moved the boxes to a dry room and some were later brought to a museum laboratory, where a small team of curators scrambled to assess the extent of the damage, a process that may take months given the huge volume of the apparel. Some items have been damaged by termites and mold beyond repair, according to museum curator Orlando Abinion, who is heading the effort.

"We're doing a conservation rescue," Abinion told the AP. "There was termite infestation and mold in past years, and these were aggravated by last month's storm."

"It's unfortunate because Imelda may have worn some of these clothes in major official events and as such have an important place in our history," he said.

AP journalists saw a badly tattered box at the museum filled with damaged and soiled leather bags and designer shoes belonging to Imelda Marcos. Termites had damaged the heel and sole of a white Pierre Cardin shoe. Other shoes were warped out of shape or badly stained.

About 100 of Ferdinand Marcos' barong shirts were squeezed tightly into another box, some still attached to plastic hangers. A white barong shirt on top, with the presidential seal emblazoned on its pocket, had reddish stains and a sleeve was nearly torn off.

Imelda Marcos, now a member of the House of Representatives, was not immediately available for comment Sunday.

Her massive shoe collection, including top U.S. and European brands, astounded the world and became a symbol of excess in the Southeast Asian nation, where many still walked barefoot out of abject poverty.

Ferdinand Marcos' successor, democracy icon Corazon Aquino, accused him of stealing billions of dollars during his 20-year rule and ordered many of his assets seized.

The clothes and shoes of the Marcoses were not among the assets allegedly stolen by them and sequestered by the government following the dictator's fall, according to Presidential Commission on Good Government official Maita Gonzaga. The government has so far recovered $2.24 billion worth of cash, bank accounts and prime real estate from the Marcoses and their cronies, she said.

After the 1986 revolt, Aquino had Imelda Marcos' shoes displayed at the presidential palace as a symbol of the former first lady's lavish lifestyle. The shoes were then removed from public view and stored in the palace basement when Aquino stepped down in 1992.

Mrs. Marcos once claimed most of her foreign-branded shoes were fake, though that has never been independently verified. But the world's fascination with her footwear, including a battery-operated pair that blinked when she danced, has ensured a hefty price tag. A 1990 U.S. charity auction of one pair donated by her fetched $10,000.

Imelda Marcos claimed many of the shoes were gifts from Filipino shoemakers in suburban Marikina city, the country's shoemaking capital. Marikina officials borrowed 800 pairs of her shoes in 2001 for a shoe museum, which has become a tourist spot.

Unapologetic about the past, Mrs. Marcos said her shoes became her best defense.

"They went into my closets looking for skeletons, but thank God, all they found were shoes, beautiful shoes," she told reporters when she inaugurated the shoe museum.

Massive flooding, however, damaged dozens of pairs of Marcos' shoes in Marikina in 2009.

About 765 pairs, including famous brands like Gucci, Charles Jourdan, Christian Dior, Ferragamo, Chanel and Prada, survived the Marikina floods. The shoes, size 8 1/2 to 9, still look remarkably new due to meticulous museum care, which includes displaying them in airtight and dust-free glass cabinets in an air-conditioned gallery, away from direct sunlight. The shoe collection draws a daily crowd of 50 to 100 Philippine and foreign tourists, who almost always leave in awe, museum manager Jane Ballesteros said.

"The first word they utter is 'Wow,' followed by the question, 'Was she able to wear all of these?'" Ballesteros said. "When I say, yes, look at the scratches on the soles, the next reaction is, 'Really?'"

"It's amusing," Ballesteros said. "Her shoes never fail to astound people years after."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-neglect-ruins-marcos-prized-shoes-061813959.html

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Green Blog: Wind Sprints to the Cliff

The wind industry?s main trade association is predicting that new installations will fall to zero without a renewal of the production tax credit, which applies only to projects finished by New Year?s Eve. Since renewal is iffy, some wind machine factories are already shutting down, as my colleague Diane Cardwell reported on Friday.

From another perspective, this is the moment for the feast before the famine: the impending deadline means that a surge of projects are approaching completion.

On Saturday, officials will cut the ribbon on what some people say is the largest onshore wind farm in the United States, Shepherds Flat in north-central Oregon. (We will defer to whatever the Guinness Book of World Records decides; the title of biggest depends on whether the Alta Wind Energy Center in the Tehachapi Mountains in California is counted as one project or five.)

The Energy Department puts the capacity of Shepherds Flat at 909 megawatts, although, like most wind farms, it will operate most of the time at a lower output. Its 338 turbines are spread over 32,000 acres just south of the Columbia River, in an area that has already drawn so many wind machines that it often referred to as a ?wind ghetto.?

It is a huge project with huge subsidies. The $1.9 billion project was financed with a $1.3 billion loan partly guaranteed by the Energy Department. Prospects for repayment are considered good; the farm has long-term power sale agreements with Southern California Edison.

Google put $100 million into the project. Other major investors include the Sumitomo Corporation and General Electric, which provided the turbines, each of which makes 2.5 megawatts when the wind is strong enough. Running at full tilt, each turbine could meet the average needs of about 2,500 suburban houses.

A study released last year by the Energy Information Administration about federal subsidies for electricity production per unit of energy found that during the fiscal year studied, 2007, wind was one of the largest recipients, at $23.37 per megawatt-hour, compared with coal at 44 cents per megawatt-hour, natural gas at 25 cents and nuclear at $1.59.

The American Wind Energy Association said the study was flawed because it failed to look at the cumulative effect of decades of subsidies to incumbent technologies like coal.

The direction of future subsidies is uncertain. But Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, who is likely to be the chairman of the Senate Energy Committee if the Democrats remain in the majority in that chamber in the next session ? or the ranking minority member if they do not ? decided to seize on the occasion to signal his support for wind.

In remarks prepared for the ribbon-cutting (but prevented from being delivered live because the Senate stayed in session into Saturday), he said that officials who favor reducing subsidies ?want to limit America?s energy options.?

?They want to surrender America?s opportunity to compete in a global market for energy technologies,?? he said. ?They want to deny rural America the opportunity to grow and prosper by harnessing the one natural resource that is in unlimited supply ? wind.??

And American turbine manufacturers like G.E. could not prosper without an American market, he said.

Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential nominee, has come out squarely against continuing the production tax credit. But the issue divides the Republicans, with some from America?s windy, rural middle favoring the subsidy.

Congress did not act to extend the subsidy before it adjourned and its members left Washington to campaign for re-election. They will return in a lame-duck session right after election day, but prospects for wind then are uncertain as well.

Source: http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/22/wind-sprints-to-the-cliff/?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Study shows ancient relations between language families

Friday, September 21, 2012

How do language families evolve over many thousands of years? How stable over time are structural features of languages? Researchers Dan Dediu and Stephen Levinson from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen introduced a new method using Bayesian phylogenetic approaches to analyse the evolution of structural features in more than 50 language families. Their paper 'Abstract profiles of structural stability point to universal tendencies, family-specific factors, and ancient connections between languages' was published online on September 20, 2012 in PLoS ONE.

Language is one of the best examples of a cultural evolutionary system. How vocabularies evolve has been extensively studied, but researchers know relatively little about the stability of structural properties of language - pholonoly, morphology and syntax. In their PLoS ONE paper, Dan Dediu (MPI's Language and Genetics Department) and Stephen Levinson (director of MPI's Language and Cognition Department) asked how stable over time the structural features of languages are ? aspects like word order, the inventory of sounds, or plural marking of nouns.

"If at least some of them are relatively stable over long time periods, they promise a way to get at ancient language relationships," the researchers state in their paper. "But opinion has been divided, some researchers holding that universally there is a hierarchy of stability for such features, others claiming that individual language families show their own idiosyncrasies in what features are stable and which not."

Ancient relations between language families

Using a large database and many alternative methods Dediu and Levinson show that both positions are right: there are universal tendencies for some features to be more stable than others, but individual language families have their own distinctive profile. These distinctive profiles can then be used to probe ancient relations between what are today independent language families.

"Using this technique we find for instance probable connections between the languages of the Americas and those of NE Eurasia, presumably dating back to the peopling of the Americas 12,000 years or more ago," Levinson explains. "We also find likely connections between most of the Eurasian language families, presumably pre-dating the split off of Indo-European around 9000 years ago."

Universal tendencies and distinctive profiles

This work thus has implications for our understanding of differential rates of language change, and by identifying distinctive patterns of change it provides a new window into very old historical processes that have shaped the linguistic map of the world. It shows that there is no conflict between the existence of universal tendencies and factors specific to a language family or geographic area. It also makes the strong point that information about deep relationships between languages is contained in abstract, higher-level properties derived from large sets of structural features as opposed to just a few highly stable aspects of language. In addition, this work introduces innovative quantitative techniques for finding and testing the statistical reliability of both universal tendencies and distinctive language-family profiles.

"Our findings strongly support the existence of a universal tendency across language families for some specific structural features to be intrinsically stable across language families and geographic regions," Dediu concludes.

###

Dediu, D., & Levinson, S. C.: Abstract profiles of structural stability point to universal tendencies, family-specific factors, and ancient connections between languages. PLOS ONE http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045198.

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: http://www.mpg.de

Thanks to Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/123732/Study_shows_ancient_relations_between_language_families

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Many US stores report being sold out of iPhone 5s

It was possible to walk into a store Saturday and buy an iPhone 5. But it took some hunting.

Some stores reported having Apple's newest phone available for walk-up customers, though not all versions of it. A random check of about a dozen stores indicated that most were sold out.

A Verizon store in New York City said the 32 and 64 gigabyte models, but not the 16 GB version, were available. A Sprint store in a suburb of St. Paul, Minn., said all but the most expensive 64 GB iPhone 5s were sold out.

"Before we were even scheduled to open, we were pretty much out," said Eric Rayburn, a worker at a Sprint store in Phoenix.

The iPhone 5 went on sale Friday, igniting intense interest around the world. Apple's website said phones bought online would ship in three to four weeks. Verizon's website said they would ship by Oct. 19.

It's hardly uncommon for supply shortages to make it difficult to get new iPhones in the first days after their release. For Apple, the iPhone introduction is the biggest revenue driver of the year. Analysts say the company will likely sell millions of phones in the first few days.

There were long lines Friday at Apple's stores in Asia, Europe and North America as customers pursued the new smartphone. Apple and the phone companies haven't provided sales figures from the first day. Apple is expected to announce early results Monday.

Last year, Apple said on the Monday after the launch of the iPhone 4S that it had sold 4 million in the first three days.

__

Freed reported from Minneapolis. AP Technology Writer Peter Svensson in New York contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2012-09-22-iPhone%205-Availability/id-036f0bee9c2345da884ca6ec18f601e3

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Polar bear bill ties departing Senate in knots

WASHINGTON (AP) ? On its last day in session before the election, the Senate tied itself in knots over 41 polar bear carcasses that hunters want to bring home from Canada as big game trophies.

After punting tough decisions on far weightier issues like raising taxes and cutting spending, Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., insisted that the Senate address the wide-ranging sportsmen's bill before voting on must-pass legislation to prevent the government from shutting down at the end of next week.

Republicans resisted for a while Friday, contending the only reason Reid wanted the vote now on the bill long sought by hunters and sport fishermen was to benefit Democratic incumbent Jon Tester 's re-election prospects in a tossup race in Montana that could determine which party runs the Senate next year.

"This isn't a campaign studio, It's the Senate," Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., complained on the Senate floor Friday. "We've got responsibilities to meet. Let's meet them. And leave the politics out of it for once."

The House had passed a similar bill in April that was co-sponsored by Rep. Denny Rehberg, Tester's Republican opponent in the Montana Senate race. In the end, Tester would get only a test vote as the Senate, yet again, punted another issue until after the election.

Tester's bill combines 19 measures favorable to outdoorsmen. In addition to dealing with the polar bear hides, it would allow more hunting and fishing on federal lands, let bow hunters cross federal land where hunting isn't allowed, encourage federal land agencies to cooperate with state and local authorities to maintain shooting ranges, exclude ammunition and tackle from federal environmental laws that regulate lead, boost fish populations and protect animal habitat.

Tester suggested that Friday's compromise allowing for a test vote but delaying a final one exemplifies why Congress has such a poor approval rating from voters.

"That might take some of the politics out of it and if we ever made a decision here without politics it would be an earth shattering day," Tester said. "This bill right here is a prime example of what is wrong in Washington, D.C. ? it's being held up for no reason whatsoever."

The polar bear provision would allow the 41 hunters ?including two in Montana ? who killed polar bears in Canada just before a 2008 ban on polar bear trophy imports took effect to bring the bears' bodies across the border. The hunters involved were not able to bring the trophies home before the Fish and Wildlife Services listed them as a threatened species.

Tester said it would just allow a few people who have polar bear trophies stored in Canada to finally bring them home. "These polar bears are dead, they are in cold storage and we know exactly who they are," he said.

Michael Markarian of The Humane Society of the United States criticized the measure. "The cumulative impacts of incentivizing this killing over and over again are contrary to American conservation law," he said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/polar-bear-bill-ties-senate-knots-221423720.html

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New NASA photo satellite to join 40-year mission

This Aug. 7, 2012, photo provided by NASA shows the next Landsat imaging satellite during testing at Orbital Science Corporation?s facility in Gilbert, Ariz. A team of nearly 140 international scientists and engineers will gather on Sept. 24-28 at the U.S. Geological Survey?s EROS Data Center near Sioux Falls, S.D., to discuss how the satellite will be used once it?s launched into space in February. The imaging satellite, which will be known as Landsat 8 once it reaches orbit, continues the mission of Landsat 7, which has been transmitting images since 1999, and Landsat 5, launched in 1984 but on its last legs. (AP Photo/NASA, Courtesy Orbital Sciences Corporation)

This Aug. 7, 2012, photo provided by NASA shows the next Landsat imaging satellite during testing at Orbital Science Corporation?s facility in Gilbert, Ariz. A team of nearly 140 international scientists and engineers will gather on Sept. 24-28 at the U.S. Geological Survey?s EROS Data Center near Sioux Falls, S.D., to discuss how the satellite will be used once it?s launched into space in February. The imaging satellite, which will be known as Landsat 8 once it reaches orbit, continues the mission of Landsat 7, which has been transmitting images since 1999, and Landsat 5, launched in 1984 but on its last legs. (AP Photo/NASA, Courtesy Orbital Sciences Corporation)

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) ? A fleet of picture-snapping NASA satellites that for 40 years has documented forest fires, tsunamis and everyday changes in the Earth's geography will soon get a new member.

With Landsat 8 set for a February launch, nearly 140 scientists and engineers from more than 25 countries are scheduled to gather in South Dakota next week to discuss how to best download, process and distribute the millions of data-rich images used in agriculture, education, business and government.

Since 1972, Landsat satellites have been continuously snapping pictures across the globe as part of a 40-year mission to document the planet.

But with Landsat 7 aging and its older sibling Landsat 5 failing, a new orbiter is needed to continue the long-term data record, said Jenn Sabers, remote sensing branch chief at the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observations and Science.

"One of the things we want to do is preserve that legacy by ensuring that we collect consistent data with the prior missions," Sabers said. "Although we have that consistency, we also want to make improvements."

The USGS Center for EROS, located in the middle of farmland north of Sioux Falls, is the main federal repository for satellite images. Officials wanted to locate the center in the middle of the U.S, and they chose South Dakota in 1970 over several other states, partly due to persistent campaigning by the late Sen. Karl Mundt.

Members of the Landsat Technical Working Group will gather at the center next week to discuss how to best use the data-packed photos from the new orbiter, which will be known as Landsat 8 once it reaches space. The team, which provides scientific and technical input to the U.S. Geological Survey and NASA, will plan how to establish reception, processing and distribution capabilities from the new satellite.

Landsat satellites help document calamities, such as forest fires and hurricanes, as well as mapping the world's mangrove forests and tracking ice in the Antarctic. The images differ from programs such as Google Earth, as you can't see individual homes, but are able to see larger things, such as highways, NASA says.

Sabers said Landsat 8 will work harder, capturing at least 400 scenes a day instead of 250. It will also be able to point at angles not directly below the satellite, which can greatly assist gathering data during a disaster, she said.

"Before where the satellite would see exactly below it in the track, we can actually point the collection as well," Sabers said. "So we can get something next to where we would normally be collecting."

Jim Irons, NASA's Landsat Data Continuity Mission project scientist, said Landsat 8's sensor will offer improved sensitivity and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for more accurate land cover maps. The new technology is like switching from a ruler marked every quarter of an inch to one marked every 1/64th or 1/128th of an inch, he said.

Landsat 8 will also allow scientists to read ocean chlorophyll in coastal regions, detect cirrus clouds and correct for atmospheric effects.

NASA launched the first Landsat satellite in 1972, and the orbiters have been sending images back to EROS ever since. Two are still orbiting the Earth.

Landsat 7, launched in 1999, operates despite a faulty scan line corrector that leaves zig-zag gaps in some images.

Landsat 5, which dates back to 1984, began showing signs of impending failure in November, prompting USGS to halt the downloading of images. Sabers said engineers resurrected an older sensor on Landsat 5 and it is sending data, but EROS is archiving the data it can't currently process.

Landsat 6 never reached orbit after its 1993 launch because of a ruptured manifold.

The newest orbiter will hitch a ride on an Atlas 5 rocket, currently scheduled for a Feb. 11 liftoff from Vandenberg Air Force Base in San Luis Obispo, Calif.

Irons, who will attend the week of meetings in Sioux Falls, said scientists are excited.

"Since the launch of Landsat 1, there's always been at least one of the Landsat satellites in operation collecting images of the global land surface," said Irons, who is based at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.

Landsat 8, which is about the size of a compact SUV with a 30-foot-long deployable sheet of solar panels, is being built with a 5-year design lifespan but will be stocked with at least a 10-year supply of fuel.

NASA is in charge of building and launching the satellite before turning over operation to the USGS, though NASA also uses Landsat data for science.

Long-term plans call for another orbiter to be launched before the end of Landsat 8's run.

"Hopefully we'll be able to continue with the next mission after that that will extend it even further," Sabers said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2012-09-21-US-Satellite-Future/id-b1d71b8ee626416b9ae5bf9814f8c38e

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Virtual reality simulator helps teach surgery for brain cancer, reports Neurosurgery

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Contact: Connie Hughes
Connie.Hughes@wolterskluwer.com
646-674-6348
Wolters Kluwer Health

'NeuroTouch' system provides 3-d graphics and tactile feedback during simulated brain surgery

Philadelphia, Pa. (September 20, 2012) A new virtual reality simulatorincluding sophisticated 3-D graphics and tactile feedbackprovides neurosurgery trainees with valuable opportunities to practice essential skills and techniques for brain cancer surgery, according to a paper in the September issue of Neurosurgery, official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part ofWolters Kluwer Health.

The prototype system, called "NeuroTouch," uses 3-D graphics and haptic (sense of touch) technology to provide a realistic look and feel for practice in performing common tasks in brain cancer surgery. Lead author Sbastien Delorme, PhD, of the National Research Council Canada and colleagues believe the NeuroTouch system could enhance "acquisition and assessment of technical skills" for neurosurgeons in training.

System Simulates Common Neurosurgery Tasks and Tools

The NeuroTouch system was developed by a team of more than 50 experts from the National Research Council Canada, with input from surgeons at more than 20 Canadian teaching hospitals. The goal was to design a simulation system to provide neurosurgical trainees with opportunities to practice basic surgical skills.

The NeuroTouch software produces 3-D graphics, simulating what the neurosurgeon sees through the operating microscope during surgeryincluding detailed, lifelike renderings of brain tissue, blood vessels, and tumors. The system also includes haptic tool manipulators, providing tactile feedback similar to what the surgeon would feel during surgery. The simulator runs on computers that, while powerful, are similar to those used to run popular games.

The researchers designed training tasks to simulate common neurosurgery procedures using the NeuroTouch. In one task, the surgeon is to remove brain tumor while leaving normal tissues intact, using two different suction devices. In this simulation, the system provides touch and visual cues to discriminate between healthy tissue and brain tumor.

In the other task, the surgeon must remove a vascularized (supplied with blood) tumor while controlling blood loss. The blood vessels and tissues look realistic, including normal pulsations. The vessels bleed when the surgeon applies a cutting tool and stop bleeding when he or she uses a simulated cautery tool.

Both tasks were developed using 3D reconstructions of magnetic resonance imaging scan data from actual patients. With further development, the system may be used not only to practice basic procedures, but even to allow neurosurgeons to simulate and practice actual operations, based on the patient's own MRI scan.

During the development process, the researchers received feedback through an advisory network of teaching hospitals. The 3-D visual graphics received high praise, although the tactile feedback system came in for more criticism. Surgeons testing the system also suggested improvements to the ergonomics of using the simulator.

Neurosurgical residency training programs are challenged to make the most of their resources while maximizing training opportunities for residents. About 90 percent of surgical training is received in the operating room, where residents learn procedures by assisting surgeons with hundreds of operations.

Medical simulatorssimilar to those used to train airline pilotsare increasingly viewed as a cost-effective complement to traditional surgical training. For example, a commercially available simulator has proven effective in helping trainees perform minimally invasive gallbladder surgery more rapidly, with a lower risk of patient injury.

The NeuroTouch system appears to be a promising tool for extending virtual reality technology to teaching common and important neurosurgery techniques. While it is not the first neurosurgical simulator, it provides key advances over previous systems, particularly in terms of providing real-time graphics and tactile feedback.

The next step will be to evaluate the new system in actual neurosurgical training programs. "First generation NeuroTouch prototypes have been set up in 7 teaching hospitals across Canada, to be used for beta testing and validation and evaluated for integration in a neurosurgery training curriculum," according to Dr. Delorme and colleagues, and a new generation of NeuroTouch simulators is currently being deployed worldwide.

###

About Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery, the Official Journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, is your most complete window to the contemporary field of neurosurgery. Members of the Congress and non-member subscribers receive 3,000 pages per year packed with the very latest science, technology, and medicine, not to mention full-text online access to the world's most complete, up-to-the-minute neurosurgery resource. For professionals aware of the rapid pace of developments in the field, Neurosurgery is nothing short of indispensable.

About Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW) is a leading international publisher of trusted content delivered in innovative ways to practitioners, professionals and students to learn new skills, stay current on their practice, and make important decisions to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. LWW is part of Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry. Wolters Kluwer Health is part of Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global information services company with 2011 annual revenues of 3.4 billion ($4.7 billion).


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[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 20-Sep-2012
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Contact: Connie Hughes
Connie.Hughes@wolterskluwer.com
646-674-6348
Wolters Kluwer Health

'NeuroTouch' system provides 3-d graphics and tactile feedback during simulated brain surgery

Philadelphia, Pa. (September 20, 2012) A new virtual reality simulatorincluding sophisticated 3-D graphics and tactile feedbackprovides neurosurgery trainees with valuable opportunities to practice essential skills and techniques for brain cancer surgery, according to a paper in the September issue of Neurosurgery, official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part ofWolters Kluwer Health.

The prototype system, called "NeuroTouch," uses 3-D graphics and haptic (sense of touch) technology to provide a realistic look and feel for practice in performing common tasks in brain cancer surgery. Lead author Sbastien Delorme, PhD, of the National Research Council Canada and colleagues believe the NeuroTouch system could enhance "acquisition and assessment of technical skills" for neurosurgeons in training.

System Simulates Common Neurosurgery Tasks and Tools

The NeuroTouch system was developed by a team of more than 50 experts from the National Research Council Canada, with input from surgeons at more than 20 Canadian teaching hospitals. The goal was to design a simulation system to provide neurosurgical trainees with opportunities to practice basic surgical skills.

The NeuroTouch software produces 3-D graphics, simulating what the neurosurgeon sees through the operating microscope during surgeryincluding detailed, lifelike renderings of brain tissue, blood vessels, and tumors. The system also includes haptic tool manipulators, providing tactile feedback similar to what the surgeon would feel during surgery. The simulator runs on computers that, while powerful, are similar to those used to run popular games.

The researchers designed training tasks to simulate common neurosurgery procedures using the NeuroTouch. In one task, the surgeon is to remove brain tumor while leaving normal tissues intact, using two different suction devices. In this simulation, the system provides touch and visual cues to discriminate between healthy tissue and brain tumor.

In the other task, the surgeon must remove a vascularized (supplied with blood) tumor while controlling blood loss. The blood vessels and tissues look realistic, including normal pulsations. The vessels bleed when the surgeon applies a cutting tool and stop bleeding when he or she uses a simulated cautery tool.

Both tasks were developed using 3D reconstructions of magnetic resonance imaging scan data from actual patients. With further development, the system may be used not only to practice basic procedures, but even to allow neurosurgeons to simulate and practice actual operations, based on the patient's own MRI scan.

During the development process, the researchers received feedback through an advisory network of teaching hospitals. The 3-D visual graphics received high praise, although the tactile feedback system came in for more criticism. Surgeons testing the system also suggested improvements to the ergonomics of using the simulator.

Neurosurgical residency training programs are challenged to make the most of their resources while maximizing training opportunities for residents. About 90 percent of surgical training is received in the operating room, where residents learn procedures by assisting surgeons with hundreds of operations.

Medical simulatorssimilar to those used to train airline pilotsare increasingly viewed as a cost-effective complement to traditional surgical training. For example, a commercially available simulator has proven effective in helping trainees perform minimally invasive gallbladder surgery more rapidly, with a lower risk of patient injury.

The NeuroTouch system appears to be a promising tool for extending virtual reality technology to teaching common and important neurosurgery techniques. While it is not the first neurosurgical simulator, it provides key advances over previous systems, particularly in terms of providing real-time graphics and tactile feedback.

The next step will be to evaluate the new system in actual neurosurgical training programs. "First generation NeuroTouch prototypes have been set up in 7 teaching hospitals across Canada, to be used for beta testing and validation and evaluated for integration in a neurosurgery training curriculum," according to Dr. Delorme and colleagues, and a new generation of NeuroTouch simulators is currently being deployed worldwide.

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About Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery, the Official Journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, is your most complete window to the contemporary field of neurosurgery. Members of the Congress and non-member subscribers receive 3,000 pages per year packed with the very latest science, technology, and medicine, not to mention full-text online access to the world's most complete, up-to-the-minute neurosurgery resource. For professionals aware of the rapid pace of developments in the field, Neurosurgery is nothing short of indispensable.

About Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW) is a leading international publisher of trusted content delivered in innovative ways to practitioners, professionals and students to learn new skills, stay current on their practice, and make important decisions to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. LWW is part of Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry. Wolters Kluwer Health is part of Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global information services company with 2011 annual revenues of 3.4 billion ($4.7 billion).


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Obama's record in Muslim world: strides, setbacks

Pakistani protesters hold a banner depicting U.S. President Barack Obama and pastor Terry Jones during a rally in Peshawar, Pakistan as a part of widespread anger across the Muslim world about a film ridiculing Islam's Prophet Muhammad, on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. Hundreds of Pakistanis angry at an anti-Islam film that denigrates the religion's prophet clashed with police in the Pakistani capital Thursday, the most violent show of anger in a day that saw smaller demonstrations in Indonesia, Iran and Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Mohammad Sajjad)

Pakistani protesters hold a banner depicting U.S. President Barack Obama and pastor Terry Jones during a rally in Peshawar, Pakistan as a part of widespread anger across the Muslim world about a film ridiculing Islam's Prophet Muhammad, on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. Hundreds of Pakistanis angry at an anti-Islam film that denigrates the religion's prophet clashed with police in the Pakistani capital Thursday, the most violent show of anger in a day that saw smaller demonstrations in Indonesia, Iran and Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Mohammad Sajjad)

FILE - In this June 4, 2009 file photo, U.S. President Barack Obama delivers a speech at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt. In his speech, Obama called for a "new beginning between the United States and Muslims," declaring that "this cycle of suspicion and discord must end." Recent images of angry mobs in Arab cities burning American flags and attacking U.S. diplomatic posts suggest the Muslim world is no less enraged at the United States than when President George W. Bush had to duck shoes hurled at him in Baghdad. But more than three years after Obama declared in Cairo that he would seek "a new beginning" in U.S.-Muslim relations, a closer look reveals strides as well as setbacks. (AP Photo/Nasser Nasser, File)

Pakistani protesters hold a banner depicting U.S. President Barack Obama and pastor Terry Jones during a rally in Peshawar, Pakistan as a part of widespread anger across the Muslim world about a film ridiculing Islam's Prophet Muhammad, on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. Recent images of angry mobs in Arab cities burning American flags and attacking U.S. diplomatic posts suggest the Muslim world is no less enraged at the United States than when President George W. Bush had to duck shoes hurled at him in Baghdad. But more than three years after Obama declared in Cairo that he would seek "a new beginning" in U.S.-Muslim relations, a closer look reveals strides as well as setbacks. (AP Photo/Mohammad Sajjad)

A Pakistani protester reacts to tear gas fired by police, during clashes erupted as protestors tried to approach the U.S. embassy, in Islamabad, Pakistan, Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. Hundreds of Pakistanis angry at an anti-Islam film that denigrates the religion's prophet clashed with police in the Pakistani capital Thursday, the most violent show of anger in a day that saw smaller demonstrations in Indonesia, Iran and Afghanistan. The vast majority of Muslims have not taken to the streets over a film mocking the Prophet Muhammad, and behind the visible public anger a more measured debate is taking place over how much free speech is acceptable in the Muslim world. While many do yearn for more openness, few if any will go as far as accepting the right to blaspheme as the ultimate test of freedom of speech. (AP Photo/Muhammed Muheisen)

(AP) ? Images of angry mobs in Arab cities burning American flags and attacking U.S. diplomatic posts suggest the Muslim world is no less enraged at the United States than when President George W. Bush had to duck shoes hurled at him in Baghdad.

But more than three years after President Barack Obama declared in Cairo that he would seek "a new beginning" in U.S.-Muslim relations, a closer look reveals strides as well as setbacks.

One U.S.-led war is over and another is receding, although there are questions about whether America has made lasting gains in Afghanistan. The Arab Spring revolution, a spontaneous combustion that happened independent of Western influence, has given people new power and hope as well as democratic elections the U.S. supports.

But peace between Israel and the Palestinians is nowhere in sight, Iran is seen as a menace and broad mistrust with America is still deep and explosive across much of the Muslim world.

As nations across North Africa and the Middle East move chaotically toward democracy, they and Washington have settled into a wary, redefined relationship. Obama is not ready to call Mohammad Morsi, the popularly elected Egyptian president, an ally, and the democratically elected Iraqi president, Nouri al-Maliki, has dismissed U.S. demands that he stop Iran from using Iraqi airspace to fly weapons to Syria for use against anti-government rebels.

Such is the complicated progress report that Obama carries toward the United Nations General Assembly next week, his final moment on a world stage before the U.S. election on Nov. 6. For that election, Pew Research Center polling shows Obama has a clear edge over Republican Mitt Romney in handling foreign policy in general and problems in the Middle East specifically.

Across the world his standing remains markedly lower in predominantly Muslim nations. However, Leila Hilal, a Mideast expert at the New America Foundation, said Obama may have made more progress toward improving relations than critics say.

"Obama inherited a very damaged U.S. credibility in the region," she said, and so it would be unrealistic to think that his "new beginning" would take hold fast.

"There's only so much one president can do, given the history" of perceived insults by the U.S., she said. Those include events as major as the American invasion of Iraq and as recent as the privately made anti-Islam video that ridicules the prophet Muhammad and triggered major protests across the Muslim world.

The question of the Obama administration's relationship with that Muslim world came under new election-year scrutiny when four Americans, including Ambassador Chris Stevens, were killed in a Sept. 11 attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya.

Obama found himself eulogizing the dead, pledging that the work of U.S. diplomacy would go on undaunted ? and prodding his Muslim partners to accept responsibilities.

"As they emerge into new forms of government, part of what they're going to have to do is to recognize that democracy is not just casting a ballot," Obama said this week. "It's respecting freedom of speech and tolerating people with different points of view."

Obama's critics say he misunderstands the nature of the threat to moderation in the Mideast. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said the White House is demonstrating this by overstating the role of the anti-Islam video in igniting the violence that killed Stevens in Benghazi.

"It has nothing to do with videos. It has everything to do with Islamists trying to hijack these revolutions in places like Libya," McCain, Obama's 2008 challenger, said Wednesday. "And it shows the abysmal ignorance of this administration of what's really going on in the Middle East."

Abdeslam Maghraoui, the director of undergraduate studies in Duke University's political science department, says the protests that have erupted in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Yemen and in other Arab countries had more to do with local conditions than with U.S. policies. "The current anti-American backlash in the region is the byproduct of genuine misunderstanding, real ignorance and political jockeying among Islamic groups," he said.

Obama warned from the start that it would be a long slog.

In his Cairo speech on June 4, 2009, Obama noted that it was a "time of tension" between the U.S. and Muslims around the world ? "tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate."

At the time, Egyptians had not yet ousted their authoritarian leader, Hosni Mubarak, a decades-long U.S. ally, and popular rebellions had not yet sprung up across the region.

"I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world, one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect," Obama declared.

Assessing such an enormous promise is hard to quantify.

"It's vital to keep in mind that how Obama is perceived by the average person in Egypt or Iraq or Pakistan is not going to be the same as the way he's perceived by the diplomats or the opposition party," said Kecia Ali, an Islamic studies expert at Boston University. "To assume that there is a Muslim world view or a Middle Eastern view or even an Egyptian view of Obama makes no sense at all. There's not even an American view of Obama."

Then how about actions and results?

He has been unable to gather an agreed international response to Syria, where an Arab Spring revolt has devolved into a civil war that has killed 23,000 people, and the U.S. is unwilling to go it alone there. Without lethal aid from the West, the Syrian rebels have begun to accept arms and other assistance from more extreme factions, possibly including terror groups. That leaves open the possibility that if the rebels succeed in ousting President Bashar Assad, the country could be run by factions sympathetic to extremists.

On other big issues that help define U.S.-Muslim relations ? Iran, the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace talks and the Arab Spring ? the president has seen a combination of setback, stalemate and frustration.

Iran stands out as perhaps the most clear-cut failure. Early in his presidency Obama offered an open hand to Iran's leaders, hoping to negotiate limits on their nuclear program. He said in June 2009 that the nuclear standoff had reached a "decisive point," and that what was at stake was preventing a nuclear arms race in the Mideast.

But the Iranians gave him the cold shoulder, and after a series of inconclusive attempts at negotiations, they are thought to be progressing toward a nuclear weapons capability. As he nears the end of his term, Obama has little to show for his Iranian outreach beyond a strengthening of international sanctions and a chilled relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The Israeli has complained publicly about U.S. inaction and has given Romney a warm welcome in his country.

Obama did, as promised, reduce the U.S. military's presence in Muslim countries by removing all troops from Iraq and beginning to wind down the war in Afghanistan. But relations with Pakistan are arguably worse.

Obama priorities have been not just to mend relations with the broader Muslim world but also to sharpen the focus of U.S. policy toward defeating al-Qaida through the use of less blunt instruments of military power. And in joining NATO allies and the Arab League to get rid of Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi, Obama succeeded without committing U.S. ground troops. But there are limits to the power of a U.S. president to shape relations with Muslim nations, even longstanding allies.

Steven A. Cook, a Mideast expert at the Council on Foreign Relations, says Washington has long tended to make political demands of Egypt and other Arab countries that they cannot reasonably be expected to meet.

"Americans consistently fail to recognize," he recently wrote, "that Arabs have their own politics and have the ability to calculate their own interests independently of what Washington demands."

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Robert Burns is the Associated Press National Security Writer. Ben Feller is the AP White House Correspondent. AP writer Donna Cassata contributed to this report.

___

Follow Burns on Twitter at http://twitter.com/robertburnsAP and Feller at http://www.twitter.com/benfellerdc

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-09-20-Obama-Muslims/id-ca1c7d8765304b73a81a2daeb3367f49

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Romney's comments ripple across battleground map

Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney greets donors after he spoke at a campaign fundraising event in Atlanta, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney greets donors after he spoke at a campaign fundraising event in Atlanta, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks at a campaign fundraising event in Atlanta, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney participates in a Univision "Meet the Candidates" forum with Jorge Ramos and Maria Elena Salinas in Coral Gables, Fla., Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

Republican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney participates in a Univision "Meet the Candidates" forum with Jorge Ramos and Maria Elena Salinas in Coral Gables, Fla., Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) ? Mitt Romney's offhanded comment that as a candidate he doesn't worry about the 47 percent of Americans who pay no income taxes has quickly entered the bloodstream in the presidential campaign's most hard-fought states.

His comment, in a video revealed this week, is prompting expressions of shock ? but also shrugs ? from Nevada to Florida to New Hampshire and the handful of battleground states in between.

Will it sway an election expected to be close?

There was much discussion in the relatively few states that are still considered competitive, likely to decide the race. Here, as elsewhere, the question was whether Romney was showing himself to be insensitive or merely delivering the hard truth a nation at an economic crossroads must face.

People's answers could make an Election Day difference in states where the race is tight.

"It sounds like he's leaving out half of America, if you ask me," said Gary Gabriel, an independent from suburban Columbus, Ohio, who decided in light of Romney's comments to support President Barack Obama.

But the remarks also reaffirmed the opinions of some Romney supporters.

"I worry a lot about the society we're turning into, more of an entitlement mentality," said Randy Schumaker, a Denver-area IT manager.

It all underscored the campaign's focus on the economy. And it stoked deeper questions about voters' expectations about the government's role in Americans' daily lives.

Outrage. Nodding approval. Both followed Romney's contention that 47 percent of Americans support Obama and that they "are dependent upon government" and "believe that they are victims, who believe that government has a responsibility to care for them."

In a Gallup poll taken Tuesday, about a third of the surveyed registered voters said they would be less likely to support Romney in light of the remarks, But more said the comments would not affect their votes. And most voters have already made up their minds on whom they will support, according to this and other surveys.

More voter voices:

"He does not have that empathy that says he really cares," said Michael Symes from the economically hard-hit Las Vegas area.

Student Morgan Palmer said he needs his college loan to get through Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Va. But he doesn't consider himself a government dependent. "I was really shocked," the 18-year-old freshman from Chantilly, Va., said. "This is a long-term investment, not short-term dependency."

Outside LaCrosse, Wis., however, retired mortgage loan officer Shirley Otto said Romney was merely delivering an unvarnished version of the straight talk the nation needs to hear.

"I'd rather be told the truth ... than be told something just to win an election," Otto said.

Romney's comments were recorded without his awareness at a private May fundraiser in Florida. They were provided to the magazine Mother Jones, which released them Monday.

By that evening, they had aired on evening news broadcasts in key battleground markets such as Denver and Milwaukee. By Tuesday morning, The Des Moines Register in Iowa and The Columbus Dispatch in Ohio featured front-page headlines about Romney's words.

They were the buzz outside a Joe Biden campaign rally in Ottumwa, Iowa, that morning, as they were at Phil Hopkins' paint store near, Columbus, Ohio. "It's kind of refreshing for someone to actually tell the truth for once," said Hopkins, an independent who supports Romney.

Unlike questions about diplomatic leadership that surfaced after deadly demonstrations at U.S. embassies in the past week, the attention over Romney's unguarded comments went to the heart of the presidential campaign's central issue, the economy, and the candidates' competing views of the government's role in the lives of millions of Americans out of work and living in financial uncertainty.

Romney, a wealthy former businessman who served a term as Massachusetts governor, neither disavowed nor apologized for the comments. He has said Obama has fueled government dependence, and he's now drawing attention to 1998 statements Obama made about redistribution of government resources, seeking to paint him as an enemy of the free-market solutions Romney prescribes.

On Wednesday, Romney said during a fundraiser in Atlanta that economic success "does not work by a government saying, 'Become dependent upon government.'"

Romney has been retooling his campaign message amid pressure from his own party to push more aggressively against Obama. He's asking Obama supporters from 2004 to back him instead.

And while Obama and Biden's public comments were muted on Romney's remarks, that didn't stop their campaign from quickly producing a Web video featuring people reacting negatively. Obama has argued throughout his term and during the campaign that the federal government must expand access to health care and ease college loan and mortgage repayment to allow more Americans to enter the middle class.

By Wednesday morning, a pro-Obama group had produced a television ad using excerpts of the Romney video, and was scheduled to begin airing it in Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Ohio, Virginia and Wisconsin by the week's end.

As proof of what Democrats saw as the potential impact of Romney's comments, candidates for Congress in hotly contested races began immediately trying to tie their Republican opponents to them. In Florida, Democrat Lois Frankel sent out an email fundraising solicitation linking Romney's comments to her opponent Adam Hasner, who is Romney's Florida campaign co-chairman.

In Colorado, Democratic Rep. Ed Perlmutter excavated a months-old quip about food stamp recipients by Republican opponent Joe Coors and used it to try tying him to Romney.

Reserving the spotlight on the issue for his appearance Tuesday on CBS's "Late Show," Obama lightly questioned whether Romney had the sensitivity to be president. "You have to work for everyone, not just for some," Obama told host David Letterman during the show's taping.

___

Associated Press writers Nicholas Riccardi in Colorado, Todd Richmond and Roger Schneider in Wisconsin, Ken Ritter in Nevada, Andrew Welsh-Huggins and Debra Martin in Ohio, Brendan Farrington and Matt Sedensky in Florida and Holly Ramer in New Hampshire contributed.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-09-20-Romney-Battleground%20State%20Impact/id-20d7d22600bf4c9187bf901399ab9b1a

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